George Washington Carver Essays (300 words) - Crops,

George Washington Carver was a black American scientist, botanist, educator, and inventor. Carver was born into slavery in Diamond Grove, near Crystal Place, possibly in 1864 or 1865, though the exact date is not known. His master, Moses Carver was a German American immigrant who had purchased George's parents, Mary and Giles, from William P. McGinnis on October 9, 1855, for $700. Carver had 10 sisters and a brother, which all died prematurely. Carver's is known for his research about alternative crops to cotton, such as peanuts, soybeans, and sweet potatoes. These crops also gave extra nutrition for farm families. He wanted poor farmers to grow alternative crops as a source of their own food and as a source of other products to improve their quality of life. The most popular of his 44 bulletins for farmers contained 105 food recipes using peanuts. He also developed and promoted about 100 products made from peanuts that were useful for the house and farm, including paints, dyes, plastics, gasoline, nitroglycerin, and cosmetics. He received numerous honors for his work, including the Spingam Medal of the NAACP. During the Reconstruction-era South, because farmers only planted cotton, it depleted the soil in many areas. In the early 20th century, the boll weevil destroyed much of the cotton crop, and planters and farm workers suffered greatly. Carver's work on peanuts was intended to provide an alternative crop. George Washington Carver discovered three hundred uses for peanuts and hundreds more for soybeans, pecans and sweet potatoes. Some of the things he suggested to southern farmers to help them economically were adhesives, axle grease, bleach, buttermilk, chili sauce, fuel briquettes, ink, instant coffee, linoleum, mayonnaise, meat tenderizer, metal polish, paper, pavement, shaving cream, shoe polish, synthetic rubber, talcum powder, and wood stain.

Music Essay Essay Example

Music Essay Essay Example Music Essay Essay Music Essay Essay Name: Tutor: Course: Date: Music Essay Twentieth-Century Art Music John Cage Sonata V This piece of music has a rhythmic flow. The rhythmic flow is created by the instrument, which is played by a single performer. The recording by Cage entitled, Sonatas and Interludes for Prepared Piano shows the variation of tone in this piece of music, through prolonging notes. The prolonging of notes is achieved by the author, through using breves. Breves are the longest notes in that are used in the creation of music. In addition, some parts of the music have high pitches, in order to symbolize the climax of the piece. Pitch is a property of sound that describes its frequency. However, some parts of the music piece have low pitches. The performer uses low pitches, in order to reduce the tension of the music piece. Commonly, performers of this genre of music use the variation of pitch in order to create a story that makes sense to the audience. Debussy- La Mer (Valery Gergiev, London Symphony Orchestra) This piece of music is an orchestral version. An orchestra is a collection of instruments that are played in a rhythmical manner, by various performers. According to the clip by Debussy entitled, La Mer: Jeux; Pre?lude A? L’apre?s-Midi D’une Faune, the music in this piece begins with a low and sluggish pitch, which rises gradually. This creates a form of introduction to the audience, allowing them to create a story in their minds. Various sections within the piece are differentiated by short pauses. This is done by the use of quavers. Quavers are short notes that are used in the creation of music. It is evident that low tone music is played on the background. This helps to maintain the mood of the audience while introducing a new section of the piece. In addition, it creates a smooth transition to the following sections of the music. Climax points in the piece are shown by a sudden rise in the tone and pitch of the music. Climax points are the sections in a piece, where the emotions and feelings of the audience are highest. In addition, there are sudden changes in rhythm from fast to slow within the piece. The performers have succeeded in maintaining a constant flow of the music despite these changes. Furthermore, these changes are used to show the occurrence of dramatic and action scenes in the music. This helps the audience to deduce a story from the music. Unlike the first piece, this music has many artists playing different instruments. It is assumed that maintaining the rhythm in this music is more difficult as compared to the first piece. However, the performers have maintained uniformity and coordination throughout the piece. This assists the performers to have an efficient transition of sections within the piece. Additionally, the music also has a single conductor, in order to minimize confusion among the group of performers. Joffrey Ballet 1989 Rite of Spring (3 of 3) The music in this piece begins with a slightly high pitch. This is used by the performers to get the attention of the audience. Moreover, this form of introduction gives the audience an idea of the nature of the performance. The meaning of the music in this piece is simplified using choreographers. In this case, choreographers are people who use systematic steps of body movements, in order to illustrate the story a piece of music. The use of choreographers gives reality to the performance. In addition, they add entertainment to the piece of music. The choreographers’ actions are determined by the change of the tone, pitch and pace of the music. This implies that they should be able to coordinate with the music effectively, in order to maintain a good flow. According to the clip by Ballet entitled, The Search for Nijinsky’s Rite of Spring: Paa Sporet Af Nijinsky’s Le Sacre Du Printemps, the choreographers are dressed specific costumes. This helps the audience to identify the cultural origin of the piece of music. Moreover, the costumes add color to the performance, and this makes it enjoyable for the audience to watch. The performance has various climax and action points. These points are shown by the change in pitch of the music. Consequently, this change helps to vary the mood of the audience according to the performance. John Cage – 4’33This piece of performance involves the use of orchestral actions only to communicate with the audience. The conductor and the performers do not use any form of sound. This orchestral performance allows the audience to understand and interpret the message in different ways. This performance is difficult to understand. However, the intention of the conductor is to help the audience to meditate on the sound produced by the movements of the performance. This allows them to interpret the sound that is produced, in a different way. The purpose of the conductor is to coordinate the movements of the performers. In this performance, three movements allow the audience to interpret the actions. Additionally, it enables the audience to formulate their own stories about the performance. The recording by Cage entitled, The 25-Year Retrospective Concert of Music of John Cage shows how the movements of the performers is synchronized with the actions of the conductor. The Impact of Cultural Events on the Development of Music The development of music in the 20th century can be attributed to social and cultural events during this era. Events such as Christmas, weddings and funerals have led to the introduction of new musical rhythms. Moreover, these social and cultural events have influenced the arrangement of songs into different genres. An event like Christmas has brought up the use of carols. Carols are songs that are sung during Christmas holidays. The rhythm and tone of the carols show a joyous mood, which is the nature of Christmas holidays. Religious events like attending church services have led to the introduction of hymns, as another genre of music. Hymns are songs, whose purpose is to worship and praise the Lord. The tone of hymns puts the audience in a prayerful mood. The illustrations reveal that the social and economic cultures influence the tones that are used to sing some songs. These tones determine the mood of the event in which the song is being performed. The Reaction of the Audience The audience in the 20th century mostly reacted to the sound of the music during this era. Various communities of people attended musical concerts that reflected their cultural backgrounds, through sound. The variation of sound enabled the audience to react differently to the message that was being portrayed by the performers. The basic elements of sound help the audience to understand and interpret the story efficiently. The variation of sound in any piece of music during this era, allowed the audience to determine the mood of the performers. In addition, it helped to relate the mood to the personal lives of the audience. The audience reacts to high and low pitches of a piece of music, in order to show their emotions. Therefore, the intention of performers during this era was to activate the emotions of the audience, by using music. Ballet Joffrey, Nureyev, Rudolf, Waslaw Nijinsky, Nicholas Roerich, Millicent Hodson, Thomas Grimm, Judy Kinberg, Holly Brubach, Allan Lewis, and Igor Stravinsky. The Search for Nijinsky’s Rite of Spring: Paa Sporet Af Nijinsky’s Le Sacre Du Printemps. New York, NY: WNET, 1989. Sound recording Cage, John, and Julie Steinberg. Sonatas and Interludes for Prepared Piano. Berkeley, CA: Music Arts, 2004. Web. 26 July 2013. Cage, John. The 25-Year Retrospective Concert of Music of John Cage: Recorded in Performance at Town Hall, New York, May 15, 1958. Mainz: Wergo-Schallplatten, 1994. Sound recording. Debussy, Claude, Valerii? Gergiev, Claude Debussy, Claude Debussy, and Claude Debussy. La Mer: Jeux; Pre?lude A? L’apre?s-Midi D’une Faune. London: LSO Live, 2011. Sound recording.

Chemical compound Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chemical compound - Essay Example he mineral spirit for various issues and this may amount to poisoning .The severity of exposure to this compound is evident in its symptomatic respiratory challenge, headache, and irritation of the skin. The hydrocarbon part of the mineral spirit has carbon which has more affinity to oxygen when inhaled and deprive hemoglobin its ability to combine with oxygen hence leading strained breathing. The relevance of this article is evident in this era of increased use of paints and drug addiction which include inhalation of such mineral spirits. Although many people have deliberately or ignorantly used these compounds, the dander is reflected in increased respiratory problems. It is worth to note that as part of the health guide and prevailing risk of exposure to some chemical compounds, the article is significant. The article gives an insight into the causes, effects, symptoms and immediate remedial measures towards a victim of exposure to these chemical compounds. The affordability and wide scope of applying mineral spirit has seen it cause phenomenal cases of poisoning that in extreme cases end in fatalities. It is therefore important to understand the chemical component of any compound to establish the extent of

Open-label study of risperdone in children with severe disruptive Research Paper

Open-label study of risperdone in children with severe disruptive behaviors and below-average IQ - Research Paper Example The drug acts by blocking the postsynaptic function of dopamine and serotonin receptors in the brain, however, how it is able to improve the behavior is still unknown (McCracken et al, 2002). These drugs enhance protection against extrapyramidal symptoms (Findling, 2003). This is one of the prime reasons why risperidone is used more frequently for the treatment of behavioral disorders among children (Risperidone in Children with Autism, 2002). So far, it is one of the few drugs that have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration or FDA to treat aggressive behavior and irritability among children with autism (Buck, 2008). This approval was expanded in 2007 to include treatment of cases suffering from bipolar disorder in children 10 years of age, and children with schizophrenia 13 years of age and over (Buck, 2008). The recommended dosage in children is less than 1 mg per day, which can be given once or twice daily. The drug takes at least one week to start showing its effects, where the child may become calmer and less aggressive in nature (Eapen and Guraraj, 2005). The duration of the drug is variable, and is prescribed based on individual needs. Studies are showing positive correlation between the uses of the drug and lessening of the effects of aggression among children (Eapen and Gururaj, 2005, McCracken et al, 2002). A common side effect of the drug is EPS or extrapyramidal side effects, which include muscle rigidity, eye rolling and restlessness (Eapen and Gururaj, 2005). Usually the EPS is reversed by the administration of diphenhydramine 25 mg, within half an hour of the episode. There is still somewhat limited number of studies about the side effects of the drugs and more research in this area is needed. Children with ADHD receiving the drug for a prolonged time are likely to display tardive dyskinesia, which is reversible after discontinuation of the drug (Robb, 2010). Other less common side effects include muscle spasms and stiffness, agitatio n and feeling of restlessness, difficulty in swallowing, unexplained fever confusion, and fast and irregular heartbeat respectively. Children can also rarely display high blood sugar levels, increased prolactine horomones and high blood lipid levels (Eapena dn Gururaj, 2005). Risperidone increases appetite and sleep, which is why it is of concern in obese children. Other probable side effects may include increased risk to metabolic syndrome, diabetes or increased lipids. These effects can be utilized for children who have low appetite or who are restless and difficult sleepers (Eapen and Gururaj, 2005). The selection of the topic for research is justified. There is need to expand the research and learn more about the mechanism of action of the drug, and how it affects the behavioral problems among children. Alongside, new research in the same area will help in reinforcing the already found conclusions as well as identify possible new areas of research, such as how to reduce the side effects of the drug among children. As stated in the study by Eapen and Gururaj, (2005), ‘Although psychostimulants remain the mainstay of pharmacological treatment for ADHD, they may not be tolerated by some children, may be ineffective in some, and in yet others may exacerbate a comorbid medical condition such as seizures or tics’(Eapen and Gururaj

Role of Managers Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Role of Managers - Research Paper Example Different organizations have different management styles and organization cultures. There has been rapid innovation and changes in the field of management. The increasing technological changes and advancement along with whole new sets of concepts and working principles have made the task of management biggest challenge in today’s corporate world. FOUR JOB FUNCTIONS OF MANAGERS: The four job functions of managers are (Tripathi & Reddy, 2006): 1. Planning 2. Organizing 3. Leading 4. Controlling Planning: The first element of the management and job function of managers is planning. It is the duty or responsibility of the manager to plan and set the goals and targets for the organization. Along with this function of planning also includes strategies and methods about how the goals and targets will be achieve. Hence, the two most important and critical elements of the planning function are: setting up of goals and targets and implementing the planning about the aims and objectives. Organizing: The second job function or responsibility of the managers is organizing. The responsibility for the organization of the company is placed on the managers. This responsibility or duty includes the organization of all resources including people or human resource. ... Leading: It is important to understand that there is difference between management and leadership. The management is associated with only managing the employees, ensuring that whether the task has been done on the right time, and that all policies and rules are followed. On the other hand the process leadership involves motivating and encouraging employees to perform well. Along with this the leader guides the employees in order to achieve the targets and goals of the company. An effective and efficient manager is one who is also able to lead the employees along with managing them. For this purpose it is essential for the manager to identify elements which motivates and encourage the employees. Controlling: The last job function of the manager is controlling. It includes the process of monitoring and evaluating the overall performance of the organization. This function is necessary in order to ensure that the overall organization is on the right track and is working to accomplish the goals and targets. Apart from this it is also the responsibility of the manager to do cost versus benefits or performance analysis for different projects and activities undertaken by the organization. KEYS TO SUCCESSFULLY CARRY OUT MANAGEMENT RESPONSIBILITIES: In order to be able to successfully carry out and fulfill the duties and responsibilities associated with managers it is required to understand the process of management. The mangers should be competent enough to perform all the required tasks and job functions. Management is not an easy task, it involves different responsibilities including, planning, controlling, leading, organizing, staffing, and many more. Managers have to understand that the task of management is basically a balancing act in which one has to balance several

The Rationality Of Azande Witchcraft

The Rationality Of Azande Witchcraft Rationality is the way in which we come to form our decisions and views, to say that something is rational, one might say that it is characterised by reason. Rationality arose in the 17th and 18th centuries when philosophers, such as Descartes and Locke, started declaring that the use of reason was the best method of obtaining objective truths. It was also at this time that science became central in Western thinking. The ability to reason was believed to be the one essential difference that separates man from other animals. As the importance of rationality grew in Western society other traditions and superstitions were deemed irrational and lost place in Western society. Things that were now unexplainable through rational means became invalid. Rationality is a vital concept to anthropologists as it has a tremendous impact on how they interpret the way of life for the culture that they are studying. In order to understand if Azande witchcraft is rational one must understand the backgr ound behind their beliefs and how they were formulated. In this essay I will be exploring the relationship between rationality and Azande witchcraft. Witchcraft may be defined as The use of supernatural powers for the purpose of obtaining and exercising control over other people, circumstances, or events. Witchcraft often poses problems anthropologists, as its supernatural nature is perhaps conflicting to the common Western notions of rationality, mainly deemed superior. E.E. Evans-Pritchard describes in great detail in his ethnography Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic among the Azande, the beliefs and practices of the African tribe. In it he states how fundamental this witchcraft is everyday Azande life, saying it is apparent in their law and morals, etiquette and religion; it is prominent in technology and language. He even goes so far as to say that there is no niche or corner of Zande culture into which it does not twist itself. According to the Azande witchcraft is believed to be a substance in the belly, which is inherited from parents of the same sex. The substance can remain dormant, meaning someone might not know that they are a witch. However it is believed that sometimes this substance will act by striking someone the witch seeks revenge upon. Because witchcraft is believed to always be present, there are several rituals connected to protection from and cancelling of witchcraft that are performed almost daily. When something out of the ordinary occurs, usually something bad, to an individual, they may blame witchcraft, just as non-Zande people may say bad luck. Luck may be defined as an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another. According to Azande belief, various misfortunes encountered in daily life may be attributed to the action of witches. Someone may fall ill, crops may fail or a hut may catch fire. Such events may be due to the magic of a witch who lives nearby. Azande witchcraft involves no rituals, spells or medicines. Evans-Pritchard describes it is a psychic act whereby the soul of witchcraft leaves a witchs body and travels over not too great a distance to interfere with its victim (1976: 10-2). Witches inherit the property of being a witch from a parent of the same sex. Their bodies contain a witchcraft substance found in their belly, which is what makes them a witch. After the death of a suspected witch, it may be determined whether they were indeed a witch by examining the contents of their intestines for the presence of witchcraft-substance (1976: 15-6). The poison oracle serves as a norm on the basis of which Azande accept beliefs about events which occur in daily life. This norm is different from any norm that we possess. However, it does not suffice for relativism merely to provide an instance of an alternative epistemic norm. It must also be argued that rational justification is relative to the norms that are in fact employed within different belief systems. The Azande employ a number of techniques to determine the action of unseen forces. One of these, which Evans-Pritchard calls the poison oracle, is used to answer a very broad range of questions not limited to witchcraft (1976: 122). The poison oracle is the preferred way for the Azande to determine whether a particular mishap is due to the action of a witch. In the poison oracle, a poisonous substance known as benge is administered to a chicken (1976: 134-8). A series of questions is posed. The chicken is either unaffected by the poison or, more frequently, has violent spasms. Sometimes the chicken dies. But just as often it survives. The manner in which the chicken reacts to the poison is interpreted as indicating the presence or absence of witchcraft. In certain circumstances, for example if a legal matter is at stake, poison is administered to a second chicken in order to confirm the result. When this is done, the questions are framed in such a way that, if the chicken dies the first time, the second chicken must survive, and vice versa. The Azandes use of the poison oracle is an example of an epistemic norm that differs from any norm that we employ.1 For the Azande, appeal to the oracle provides reason to believe that a particular occurrence either is or is not the result of witchcraft. The oracle serves as an epistemic norm which operates in Azande society as the basis for beliefs about witchcraft. In this paper, I will use the Azand e poison oracle as an example to illustrate the epistemological relativist claim that epistemic norms vary with belief system. Evans-Pritchard in his ethnographic text Witchcraft Oracles and Magic Among the Azande wrote about the Azande people of Sudan. The belief in witches and witchcraft was an integral part of Azande life at this time. Evans-Pritchard gives the example of when an old granary collapses, killing or injuring somebody resting beneath it. He stresses that Zande people know that termites eat away at the wood, and that in the heat the granary provides shade. The Azande people however seek to determine why at that point that particular granary fell on that particular person. The first port of call is always witchcraft because If there had been no witchcraft, people would have been sitting under the granary and it would not have fallen on them, or it would have collapsed but the people would not have been sheltering under it at the time. Witchcraft explains the coincidence of these two happenings. To the Azande people it is perfectly rational to suspect witches are responsible for these acts, as t hey believe that witchcraft existing is a self-evident truth. They do not question if witchcraft but rather how. A Western scientist would consider the non-existence of witchcraft to be a self-evident truth and therefore conclude something different, that the death was an accident. E. Mansell Pattison believes that the difference is not a question of rationality but rather à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦our differing construction of what reality is. ; the self-evident truths we hold, and it would seem these are not as objective as we like to think they are. The extract from EE Evans-Pritchards Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic Amongst the Azande is a much-discussed text. It attracts attention both for its interesting account of the ways in which the Azande and in particular the Azande men see the world, take decisions and live in it, and for the methodological and philosophical questions that it raises. Throughout the book, Evans-Pritchard takes issue with Là ©vy-Bruhls belief that the savage thinks in a different way from modern men. The Azande may have a world-picture which is different from our own, but in their reasoning and in their actions, they are just as logical and just as reasonable as we are. Moreover, the customs which seem bizarre or mistaken to us are, in the end, just as useful as our own. The anthropologist says that he used the poison oracle himself, and that it proved as satisfactory a way of organizing his life as any other. In view of this, it is rather surprising to discover that the philosopher, Peter Winch, has argued that Evans-Pritchards account is flawed. It is flawed because, says Winch, in the end, the anthropologist subscribes to the view that Azande witchcraft beliefs, and their faith in the poison oracle are mistaken. The European adopts a scientific view where the Zande adopt a mystical one and, says Winch, for Evans-Pritchard, the European is right and the Zande is wrong. Now, I dont know about you, but, if this really is Evans-Pritchards position and Im not absolutely sure that it is then it seems, on the face of it, to be quite reasonable. I do not myself believe that feeding poison to a chicken will or can offer me any enlightening information about the behaviour or motives of my neighbours. Nor do I believe that anyone can affect my health or my emotions by casting a spell on me. Moreover, I am convinced that my belief is well-founded. It is, I will claim, a scientific view of things, and has behind it all the weight of the immense advances in human knowledge and control of nature that science has brought about. What, then, can Winchs objection be? In essence, Winch argues that it is mistaken to compare the scientific view-point and Azande witchcraft beliefs at all. It is, he says, a category-mistake. My conception of the mystical which I then dismiss as nonsense is different from the Zandes conception of the oracle or the witch. In fact, the problem is that I do not have the same category magic that the Zande possess, and so I mistakenly try to understand it by measuring it against a category that I do possess science. From this point of view, the Azande have a richer culture than I do: they have a primitive technical sphere which, although rudimentary compared to mine, is adequate to their needs. But they also have magic, which I do not. Magic gives them the tools with which to do things that I cannot do, to think about things that I cannot think about (I think I am paraphrasing Winch here). I look at the Zande accounts of oracles and of witchcraft with amused condescension. But the Zande may have more justification in looking askance at my own cultural poverty.

The Effect of Anorexia on Teen Girls :: essays research papers

What is Anorexia? Anorexia Nervosa, or, ana, is and eating disorder where people starve themselves. Anorexia usually begins in teens, or those nearing puberty. People with anorexia have extreme weight loss, usually 15% below the person's normal body weight. Anorexics have many varieties of losing weight, some of which include intake of laxatives, over-exercising, and not eating. Symtoms of Anorexia Physical Symptoms There are many symtoms of anorexia. Some are visible changes, like extreme weight loss. Others involve the inside of the body. The symptoms of anorexia are: Avoiding eating Denying hunger Avoiding social occasions involving food Food rituals to eat less, such as eating in secret, Eating foods in a certain order, excessive chewing, playing with food, and eating unnaturally small amounts of food Dramatic weight loss Refusing to gain weight Denial Obbsessing over diets and weight loss Excessive weighing, and obbsessing over small changes in weight Fear of gaining weight, and/or being fat Distorted body image EX)Perception of being over-weight, when actually underweight Basing their worthiness on appearence and body image Obbsessing over excercise routine Changes in Behavior Anorexia can induce many behavioral changes as well. Insomnia Mood Swings Depression Intense feelings of lonliness Sneaky behaviors involving food Emotional outbursts Fear of others opinions on their eating disorder Withdraw from daily life Causes of Anorexia Possible Causes Cultural Pressures - In many societies, Being extremely thin is important for women, and represents beauty, succsess, happiness, and self-control. Women are targeted with messages form the media that they must diet to meet this standard. But, this "ideal" body image is almost impossible to reach for most women, leaving them very dissatisfied with their body image. Mental Issues - Psychological characteristics that can make a person more likely to develop anorexia include: Low self-esteem, feelings of being worthless, poor, or distorted body image, depression, difficulty expressing emotions, a need for control, obbsessing over perfection, physical or sexual abuse, a need to feel special or unique. People who are driven to lose weight are often determined in other areas of life, such as schoolwork, career, physical fitness, and/or exercise. Family Enviroment - Some personal lifestyles can contribute to the development of eating disorders as well. Families with anorexic or bulimia can sometimes be: Overprotective, strict, and over-worrying. Other family issues that can lead to the devolopment of eating disorders are: Valueing body image and appearence too much, criticizing a child's weight or body shape, and being sexually or physically abused. Genetic Factors - Anorexia occurs eight times more often in people who know, or have realatives with an eating disorder. But, scientists don't know what the inherited factor is yet.

Hamptonshire Express Case Essay

1. a. The simulation indicates that 584 is the optimum stocking quantity. Daily profit at this stocking quantity is $331.4346. b. Using the newsvendor model, Cu = 1 – 0.2 = 0.8 and Co = .2. Cu /(Cu + Co) = .8. Using the spreadsheet, we found Q* = NORM.INV(.8,500,100) = 584.16. The simulation and newsvendor model give the same optimal stocking quantity. 2. a. According to the simulation spreadsheet, 4 hours of investment in creation maximizes daily profit at $371.33. b. Sheen would choose an effort level where the marginal benefit gained by the effort is equal to her marginal cost of expending the effort. To calculate the effort level, h, we equalize marginal cost and marginal benefit. Here (.8 * 50) / (2√h) = 10. Solving gives h = 4, or the same as the simulation. c. The optimal profit derived in this scenario is $371.33 per day, which is a $40 increase from the profit derived in problem #1, of $331.43. 3. a. Using the spreadsheet, Ralph’s optimal stocking quantity to maximize his profit is 516. b. The optimal stocking quantity differs from problem #2 because Ralph is incurring the cost of overstocking, which changes the critical ratio from .8 in problem #2 to .2. Because of the critical ratio change, Anna’s profit decreases as Ralph’s increases. This is consistent with the Newsvendor Model, which gives Cu=.2, Co=.8, for a critical ratio of .2. Using the formula in the spreadsheet, Q*=NORM.INV(.2,600,100)=515.837, gives the optimal stocking quantity of 516. c. Assuming that we only use whole numbers for her amount of time, Anna’s optimal effort is 2 hours with a profit of $261.93, a decrease from problem #2 of 4 hours. This is because Anna is now sharing her profit. d. If you decrease the transfer price, Anna’s effort level also decreases, and Ralph will increase his stocking quantity, adding to his profit. Anna’s effort level decreases because her profit decreases when Ralph buys the newspapers for less than $0.80. When the transfer price increases, the opposite occurs; Anna’s effort level increases and there is a decrease in Ralph’s stocking quantity and profit. 4. a. The optimal stocking quantity is 409 according to the spreadsheet in the simulation, which is a decrease from 516 in problem #3 because in the event that the Express stocks out, Ralph still makes a profit from 40% of  customers who will buy the Private. Therefore, because he makes more profit off of the Private, his risk decreases because of cost of understocking of the Express. b. For problems #1 and #2 there were no profitable alternatives to understocking, whereas in problem #3, Ralph has a profitable alternative for understocking since 40% of customers will buy the Private. The different critical ratios from each problem produce a different optimal stocking quantity. c. This decreases his optimal stocking quantity because Ralph is allocating $0.03 to the cost of each newspaper, making his cost of understocking now 1-.83-40%*.4=.01. Co=.83 Critical ratio 0.01/.83= 0.012 According to the data, the optimal stocking quantity is Q*=NORMINV(.012,500,100). 5. a. A lower buy-back price means a lower stocking quantity, because it affects the cost of overstocking. Ralph wants to stock a lower quantity in order to lower his risk of overstocking. The optimal buy-back price is $0.75, which gives a stocking quantity of 659 and channel profits of $369.80. b. The optimal transfer price is $0.99, giving a buy-back price of $0.988, and channel profits of $372.62. However, this is an unrealistic scenario because Ralph’s profits are negative at -$24 and Anna is making almost the full $1 price on each sale. The channel profit is very close to the $371.33 profit from problem #2. This is because the transfer price is almost the same as the selling price to customers of $1, eliminating Anna’s cost of under or overstocking. c. If Ralph had to pay a franchise fee, he would no longer have an incentive to understock. Anna’s effort would remain the same because the marginal benefit of her effort would not change given the additional fixed profit from Ralph’s fee.

Free Essays on Chinese Infanticide

Infanticide in China Cui Bono: â€Å"†¦ whose interests are involved and who benefits or suffers from existing arrangements† (Robertson 1981). Who benefits? One might analyze this article and believe that it is the government that benefits from this policy. I don’t feel this is the situation. Because we, as Canadians, live in a free and democratic society, it is easy to interpret this article as satisfying and benefiting some sick and sinister government. It is my belief the government may benefit from infanticide in the sense that â€Å"punishments include fines against both the family and the local government, loss of family allowance and medical benefits† (KDC 2000). Obviously there is an economical benefit of this policy. However, I feel it is the entire population of China who ultimately benefits as the reason that this policy was initiated was to take [initiate] â€Å"effective measures to slow down the rapid growth of its population† (KDC 2000). It refers back to supply and demand. Overpopulation could essentially lead to starving of the Chinese people, and therefore, citizens of China would be dying. Lets nip it in the bud now so it doesn’t fully take us over later. In the opinion of a structural functionalist â€Å"most members agree on basic values† (Robertson 1981). I understand this as the members within a certain society tend to agree on specific laws or boundaries and do not oppose or question them because the rest of society has accepted them because the rest of society has accepted them. This seems to be the case in China and the existence of the infanticide policy. Members of Chinese society think it is normal in society because it has been happening for over 30 years and it was initiated â€Å"to ensure that China could feed all its people† (KDC 2000). Infanticide was utilized to control over-populating and to enforce â€Å"China’s one-child policy† (KDC 2000) because â€Å"without taking effective m... Free Essays on Chinese Infanticide Free Essays on Chinese Infanticide Infanticide in China Cui Bono: â€Å"†¦ whose interests are involved and who benefits or suffers from existing arrangements† (Robertson 1981). Who benefits? One might analyze this article and believe that it is the government that benefits from this policy. I don’t feel this is the situation. Because we, as Canadians, live in a free and democratic society, it is easy to interpret this article as satisfying and benefiting some sick and sinister government. It is my belief the government may benefit from infanticide in the sense that â€Å"punishments include fines against both the family and the local government, loss of family allowance and medical benefits† (KDC 2000). Obviously there is an economical benefit of this policy. However, I feel it is the entire population of China who ultimately benefits as the reason that this policy was initiated was to take [initiate] â€Å"effective measures to slow down the rapid growth of its population† (KDC 2000). It refers back to supply and demand. Overpopulation could essentially lead to starving of the Chinese people, and therefore, citizens of China would be dying. Lets nip it in the bud now so it doesn’t fully take us over later. In the opinion of a structural functionalist â€Å"most members agree on basic values† (Robertson 1981). I understand this as the members within a certain society tend to agree on specific laws or boundaries and do not oppose or question them because the rest of society has accepted them because the rest of society has accepted them. This seems to be the case in China and the existence of the infanticide policy. Members of Chinese society think it is normal in society because it has been happening for over 30 years and it was initiated â€Å"to ensure that China could feed all its people† (KDC 2000). Infanticide was utilized to control over-populating and to enforce â€Å"China’s one-child policy† (KDC 2000) because â€Å"without taking effective m...

Filler Words (Muletillas) in Spanish

Filler Words (Muletillas) in Spanish Question: In English we have many filler words for when we dont know how to continue on in a sentence, or that can even express a certain emotion (e.g., err...). I am thinking of words such as hmmm... err... like (ooh, I hate that. Hey, I used another one.). What I would like to know is, what are some types of words such as this in Spanish? Answer: My least favorite is you know. In any case, in Spanish those filler words are called muletillas (or, less commonly, palabras de relleno) and are very common. But Spanish speakers tend not to use one-syllable utterances as much as in English. Instead, they tend to use common words like este (usually pronounced as esteeeee, depending on how nervous the person is), esto (or estoooo) or in Mexico o sea (which roughly means I mean). Che is often heard in Argentina. In other areas you may hear es decir (meaning, roughly, that is to say). The err has its equivalent in the sound eeeehh, and em is similar to the English ummm. Also, it is very common to use pues, which has a variety of meanings. Pues can be used at the start of a sentence as a kind of filler while you can get your thoughts together. Or try a ver, which can be thought of as lets see or well see.

K pop Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

K pop - Essay Example This suggests that there are versions of Asian elements that they have retained in their Western style. At some point, it gets fuzzy whether they are modifying their Asian style or articulating Western elements to fit into traditional Asian performances. The Growl song has Western beats but it is performed in Mandarin and Korean languages. In this sense, the song is similar to K-pop’s songs that the band composes in Korean but it stages in Hip Hop style (Seabrook 1). This sums up the idea of cultural technology. The Asian entertainment industry is refurbishing its outlook in order that it attracts the whole world. In order to attract the whole world the entertainers have to curve way of reaching audiences. YouTube is an essential platform that singers employ to share their songs. The songs have electric performances and vigor that easily enthuses audiences. However, in as much as the songs adopt Western elements, the performers maintain raw Asian elements that make such music

Poverty and Underdevelopment in Modern Times Essay

Poverty and Underdevelopment in Modern Times - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that this serves as grounds for the presence of the sick, the poor and the illiterate. These three are not only indicators of poverty, but are also indicators of underdevelopment. A country is said to be underdeveloped if it has a high rate of illiteracy. While First World countries have high literacy rates, the opposite is seen in countries that do not have enough teaching facilities and teachers. The cycle of underdevelopment is one that is hard to break. Through the lack of university graduates that add up to their workforce, there is not much to be expected of professionals in the underdeveloped country. Furthermore, the quality of industrial products produced in a country where native is more advanced than technology itself cannot be seen as worthy of being exported. Another determining factor of an underdeveloped country is the preference of imported products over the locals. Due to the availability of high priced imports, the local sector is deplete d of wealth and therefore the budget is decreased. Furthermore, the growing populations which cannot be supported by the government due to the lack of enough funds are forced to live daily on malnutrition. The cost of living in rural areas differs significantly with urban areas, and the marginalized sector is ever present. Simply put, poverty is the outcome of a country’s underdevelopment. The lack of funds for every citizen in the country to receive the benefits due him results to inefficiency and deprivation. These in turn lead to a poor way of life that will be resulting to a country which is poor. Poverty is an issue that cannot be easily alleviated. Even with the presence of organizations that claim to target the elimination of poverty, it still lingers and is growing still. Along with the population explosion comes the increase in poverty. It is a primordial matter of country security.